POSEIDON E1-M3A
Multidisciplinary mooring located at the eastern Mediterranean off shore Crete island, an area of open sea conditions, characterized as extremely oligotrophic where dense waters with intermediate and deep characteristics are formed.
Infrastructure Location
Study Area
| Location | Cretan Sea | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Distance from Land | 46.0 km | ||
| Max Depth | 1440 m | ||
| Oceanographic features of area | The Cretan Sea is the largest and deepest basin (2500 m) in the south Aegean Sea. It has an average depth of 1000 m and two deeper troughs in the eastern part (2561 & 2295 m). It is linked with the Levantine basin and the Ionian Sea through the eastern and western straits of the Cretan Arc respectively; via sills that are no deeper than 700 m. Outside the straits the seabed plunges towards the deep basins of the Hellenic Trench (depth ~ 3000 – 4000 m). To the north it is bounded by the Cyclades Plateau at a depth of 600m. The hydrological structure in the Cretan Sea is dominated by multiple scale circulation patterns and is an area of deep-water formation. It acts as a reservoir for heat and salt for the Eastern Mediterranean. The circulation in the Cretan Sea is dictated by the combined effect of two gyral features, an anticyclonic eddy in the west and a cyclonic eddy in the east. During spring, summer and autumn the Cretan Sea is stratified and exhibits an oligotrophic ecosystem characterized by a food chain composed of very small phytoplankton cells and small heterotrophs and bacteria. This has a negative effect on energy transfer to the deeper water layers and the benthos. This is magnified by the high water temperatures (>14 oC) and high oxygen concentrations (>4 ml l-1) enhancing decomposition rates of organic matter leaching out from the euphotic zone. |
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| Relevant publications isi journals | Nittis K., Tziavos C., Thanos I., Drakopoulos P., Cardin, V., Gacic M., Petihakis G. and R. Basana, 2003: The Mediterranean Moored Multi-sensor Array (M3A): System Development and Initial Results. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.21, pp. 75-87.
Petihakis G., Drakopoulos, P., Nittis, C., Zervakis, V., Christodoulou, C. and C. Tziavos, 2007: M3A system (2000 – 2005) – operation and maintenance. Ocean Science, 3, 117–128. Nittis K., Tziavos C., Bozzano R., Cardin V., Thanos Y., Petihakis G., Schiano M.E., and F. Zanon, 2007: The M3A multi-sensor buoy network of the Mediterranean Sea. Ocean Science, 3, 229-243. Petihakis G., Triantafyllou G., Allen J. I., Hoteit I. and C. Dounas, 2002: Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Cretan Sea Ecosystem. Journal of Marine Systems, Vol.36(3-4), pp. 173-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00186-0. Triantafyllou G., Hoteit I. and G. Petihakis, 2003: A singular evolutive interpolated Kalman filter for efficient data assimilation in a 3-D complex physical-biogeochemical model of the Cretan Sea. Journal of Marine Systems Vol.40, pp. 213-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(03)00019-8. Triantafyllou G., Petihakis G. and J.I Allen, 2003: Assessing the performance of the Cretan Sea ecosystem model with the use of high frequency M3A buoy data set. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.21, pp. 365-375. Hoteit I., Triantafyllou G. and G. Petihakis and J.I. Allen, 2003: A singular evolutive Kalman filter to assimilate real in-situ data in a 1-D marine ecosystem model. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.21, pp. 389-397. Triantafyllou G., Korres G., Petihakis G., Pollani A., and A. Lascaratos, 2003: Assessing the phenomenology of the Cretan Sea shelf area using coupling modelling techniques. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.21, pp. 237-250. Hoteit I., Triantafyllou G. and G. Petihakis, 2004: Towards a data assimilation system for the Cretan sea ecosystem using a simplified Kalman filter. Journal of Marine Systems, Vol.45, 159-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.11.003. Triantafyllou G., Hoteit I., Korres G., and G. Petihakis, 2005: Ecosystem Modeling and Data Assimilation of Physical-Biogeochemical processes in Shelf and Regional Areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Applied Numerical Analysis and Computational Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 262-280. Hoteit I., Triantafyllou G. and G. Petihakis, 2005: Efficient Data Assimilation into a Complex 3-D Physical-Biogeochemical Model Using a Semi-Evolutive Partially Local Kalman Filter. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.23, pp3171-3185. |
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| Relevant publications proceedings published in the context of conference | |||
Scientific Researchers
| Name | |
|---|---|
| Dimitris Kassis | <Please login to view> |
| Costas Frangoulis | <Please login to view> |
| Makis Korres | <Please login to view> |
| George Petihakis | <Please login to view> |
| George Petihakis | <Please login to view> |
| Stella Psarra | <Please login to view> |
| Manolis Potiris | <Please login to view> |
Technicians
| Name | |
|---|---|
| Paris Pagonis | <Please login to view> |
| Manolis Ntoumas | <Please login to view> |
| Manolis Pettas | <Please login to view> |
| Nikos Zisis | <Please login to view> |
| Giannis Marakis | <Please login to view> |
| Kostas Thomadakis | <Please login to view> |
Status / Maintenance
| System Status | Operational | Planned Frequency | 6 month(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platform Required | Deep Sea Research Vessel, Rigid Inflatable Boat | People Involved | 7 |
| Duration of Operations | 2 day(s) | Cleaning | Yes |
| Replacments | Yes | Download Data | Yes |
Data Information
| Final data output format | NetCDF | Data Quality Check | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of quality check on real-time/near-real time data | Automatic | Real Time – Data availability target | hours |
| Type of Quality check on delayed mode data | Manual | Delayed Mode – Data availability target | weeks |
| Own data management | Yes | Type of use of data | Data assimilation Research Private use Others |
| Data Management Link | www.poseidon.hcmr.gr/listview.php?id=17 | ||
| GEOSS URN | |||
| GEOSS Link | |||
TNA
The station is operational since January 2000 with significant upgrades through research projects. The new POSEIDON E1-M3A system operates at the same site (1440m depth) and has a single mooring line configuration that hosts sensors for temperature and salinity at 9 depths (1, 20, 50, 75, 100, 250, 400, 600, 1000m) as well as chl-a, dissolved oxygen, PAR and light attenuation at 20, 50, 75 and 100m. The surface buoy hosts a complete set of sensors for air-sea interaction studies (wind speed and direction, air pressure, air temperature, wave height and direction, relative humidity, precipitation, radiance, irradiance, radiometer and pyrometer) as well as an ADCP for current speed measurements in the upper 100m and a CO2 sensor. The station was upgraded with a mooring of two sediment traps (200 & 1400m) close to the buoy deployed in January 2011. Moreover a monthly in situ sampling program has been established since March 2009. In the framework of this sampling program a wide range of physicochemical and biological parameters in the euphotic zone are measured in the field or in the laboratory.
The location of the buoy is an area of open sea conditions, characterized as extremely oligotrophic where dense waters with intermediate and deep characteristics are formed. A dipole gyre system in combination with the presence of a number of water masses creates a unique ecosystem governed mainly by physical processes.
Hosting:
Buoy can host additional instrumentation for atmospheric and air-sea interface.
Mooring can host both real-time as well as autonomous systems. Clamp systems and other mechanical adapters can be manufactured locally upon request.
Data: Atmosphere: air temperature, air pressure, wind speed/direction, precipitation, humidity, radiance, irradiance, pyrometer PSP, radiometer PIR
Ocean-Air interface: Wave height, salinity, temperature, CO2
Water column: Salinity and temperature (20, 50, 75, 100, 250, 400, 600, 1000m), turbidity, chl-a, oxygen, PAR (20, 50, 75, 100m), currents (5-50, 10 bins of 5m)
Sediment traps: OC, ON (C13, N15), TC, TN, (C13, N15), Si, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb, Biochemical (proteins, sugars, lipids), Biomarkers, Black Carbon.
| Avaliable for TNA | Yes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prefered time period for TNA | During the cruises to serve the mooring (every 6 month for 2-3 days) | ||
| TNA Support offered | Logistical, technological and scientific support for all components. For more information http://www.poseidon.hcmr.gr. Other capabilities and services: Data and sensor inter-comparison and validation missions. Other parameters can be measured during trips and sensors can be tested, calibrated , etc. CTD, light, Oxygen, Chl-a (0-150 CTD casting), NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4, SiO4, Chl (4 size fractions), microbial stock, phytoplankton stock (surface, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100m), zooplankton stock (0-100m). |
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| Services Available | Surface platform and mooring line with instruments | ||
| Potential Additional Uses | Additional sensors can be attached to the buoy and mooring line | ||
| Data Ports | Logging on the buoy's computer and Self logging | ||
| Availability of External Power | Yes but with restrictions | ||
| Instrument installation methodology | The instruments on the buoy can be installed underneath on custom attachments as well as inside the hull fixed positions. Regarding the mooring line, instruments are attached on inductive cable. |
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| Data History | Data since Januray 2000 |
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| Instrument installation methodology | The regular procedure involves during the first day the recovery of the buoy the cleaning of the sensor, data downloading, battery change, replacing consumables etc and deployment during the second day once a thorough check on deck is performed. | ||
| Observatory maintenance estimated or planned schedules | Every 6 months (winter - summer) | ||
| Data policy and access | FixO3/EuroSITES data policy: http://www.eurosites.info/pdf/EuroSITES%20Data%20Policy.pdf
http://www.poseidon.hcmr.gr/article_view_no_news.php?id=121 |
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| Additional comments | |||
| Modality of access | In-Person Partially Remote Remote | ||
Hardware Services
| Type | Model | Use | Problems | Solution adopted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buoy | Oceanor | Frames can be tailored made for mounting sensors on the buoy (surface and subsurface) | Detailed drawings are required | |
| Mooring line | Custom | Sensors can be self mounted on the inductive cable | ||
| Buoy | Oceanor | Two hosting ports on the buoy for sensors | biofouling | cleaning during maintenance visits |
Software Services
| Sensor type/model | Software for the pre-processing | Software for the post post-processing | Software for the production of graphical output |
|---|---|---|---|
| RDI ADCP Longranger | RDI WinSC | RDI WinADCP | Matlab |
| Wetlabs FLNTU | Wetlabs ECOview | Sea-Bird DataProcessing | Matlab |
| Aanderaa DO optodes | Aanderaa Oxyview | Sea-Bird DataProcessing | Matlab |
| Seabird 16plus-IM C-T-P | Sea-Bird Seaterm | Sea-Bird DataProcessing | Matlab |
| Seabird 37 IM | Sea-Bird Seaterm | Sea-Bird DataProcessing | Matlab |
| Seabird 37 SIP | Sea-Bird Seaterm | Sea-Bird DataProcessing | Matlab |
Sensors
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | RDI Longranger ADCP | Parameter(s) | Currents |
| Platform | Mooring | Manufacturer | Teledyne RD Instruments |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.rdinstruments.com/longranger.aspx | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | ADCP Longranger 75 kHz | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | 400 | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Seabird 37 C-T | Parameter(s) | CTD |
| Platform | Mooring | Manufacturer | Seabird |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.seabird.com/products/spec_sheets/37impd ata.htm | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | CTD | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | 250,400,600,1000 | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | Yes | Intercalibration Platform | CTD cast / Laboratory |
| Intercalibration Frequency | Yearly | ||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Seabird 43 | Parameter(s) | DOXY |
| Platform | Mooring | Manufacturer | Seabird |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.seabird.com/products/spec_sheets/43data .htm | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | DO sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | 20,50,75,100 | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | Yes | Intercalibration Platform | CTD cast / Laboratory |
| Intercalibration Frequency | Yearly | ||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Wetlabs FLNTU | Parameter(s) | TURB |
| Platform | Mooring | Manufacturer | Wetlabs |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.wetlabs.com/eco-fl | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Fluorometer-Turbidity meter | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | 20,50,75,100 | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | Yes | Frequency of Calibration Samples | Monthly |
| Intercalibration Available | Yes | Intercalibration Platform | CTD cast / Laboratory |
| Intercalibration Frequency | Yearly | ||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Young 04106 | Parameter(s) | Wind Speed, Wind Direction |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Young |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.youngusa.com/products/7/ | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Mechanical Wind sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Vaisala PTB 220A | Parameter(s) | ATMS |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Vaisala |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.vaisala.com | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Digital Barometer | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | Planned | 20/06/2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | SAtlantic ocr-507-ricsw | Parameter(s) | Irradiance |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | SAtlantic |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://satlantic.com/ocr500 | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Irradiance sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | Planned | 20/06/2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Satlantic ocr-507-r10w | Parameter(s) | Radiance |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | SAtlantic |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://satlantic.com/ocr500 | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Radiance sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Nortek Aquadopp 400 kHz | Parameter(s) | Currents |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Nortek |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.nortek-as.com/en/products/current-profi lers/aquadopp-profiler | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Current Profiler | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | SBE 37 Sip | Parameter(s) | COND, TEMP |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Seabird |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.seabird.com/products/spec_sheets/37sipd ata.htm | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | CT | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | Yes | Intercalibration Platform | CTD cast / Laboratory |
| Intercalibration Frequency | Yearly | ||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | 20/06/2014 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Young 50203 | Parameter(s) | |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Young |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.youngusa.com/products/3/17.html | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Precipitation Gauge | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Omega | Parameter(s) | Air Temperature |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Omega |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.omega.com | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Air Temperature sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Sampling interval | ||
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Fugro OCEANOR Wavesense | Parameter(s) | Wave Height |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Furgo Oceanor |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.oceanor.com/systems/seawatch/buoys-and- sensor/Oceanor-Wavesense | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Wave sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Vaisala HMP 45A | Parameter(s) | RELH |
| Platform | Buoy | Manufacturer | Vaisala |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.vaisala.com | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | Relative Humidity sensor | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | Surface | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | |
| Intercalibration Frequency | |||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||
| Deployed | 21/01/2014 | Planned | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument/Sensor Type | Seabird 16plus-IM C-T | Parameter(s) | CTD |
| Platform | Mooring | Manufacturer | Seabird |
| Instrument/Sensor documentation (URL) | http://www.seabird.com/products/spec_sheets/16plus IMdata.htm | ||
| Sensor Type / Model | CTD | Power Supply | |
| Approximate Depth / Height | 20,50,75,100 | Sampling interval | 10800 second(s) |
| Calibration Samples Available | No | Frequency of Calibration Samples | |
| Intercalibration Available | No | Intercalibration Platform | CTD cast / Laboratory |
| Intercalibration Frequency | Yearly | ||
| Problems | |||
| Solution Adopted | |||
| Datasheet URL | |||
| Comments | |||